What is the Range of the Cello?
The cello’s full range of more than four octaves gives it one of the most expansive ranges of any instrument you can play.
At the bottom, the deep bass tones of its C string sit two octaves below middle C. The middle two strings of the cello, G and D, move us into the rich baritone sounds. The top A string is where you find the extremely fine and expressive tenor tones. Moreover, since the cello can be played very high up on the fingerboard, the range of the cello is further extended into the alto and even soprano registers, making available notes normally reserved for the violin.
Below are some of our favorite intermediate Eastman Cellos.
How many clefs does the cello use?
When writing for the full range of the cello, composers must use three different clefs. Here is a breakdown by clef:
The Bass Clef
The cello’s standard clef is the bass clef. Baroque composer J.S. Bach wrote 6 suites for unaccompanied cello. In Suites 1-5, Bach writes for the range that easily fits into the bass clef – from 2 octaves below middle C up to G above middle C. Bach’s 6th suite for unaccompanied cello was written for a 5-string cello known as the violoncello piccolo. The higher 5th string enabled the composer to extend the range of the music without forcing the cellist to play high up on the fingerboard.
Tenor Clef
As music moves up the cello register, the tenor clef if widely used to cover the range from A below middle C to C above middle C. A significant percentage of music for cello is entirely notated in the tenor clef; intermediate cellists must begin to learn the tenor clef as they progress to music that plays higher up the fingerboard. Check out the example below.
Antonio Vivaldi Cello Sonata 1 – written in Tenor Clef
Treble Clef
The upper two octaves of the cello employ the use of the treble clef. In the example below from Elgar’s cello concerto, the cello moves through the bass clef, tenor clef and treble clef with the melody ending on E, two octaves above middle C.
The Cello Range Compared to Violin and Viola:
When compared to its smaller cousins, the viola and violin, the cello employs a larger usable range. In fact, it’s not unusual for the cello section in an orchestra to play higher than the viola section. Cellists can even play in the violin range with a very pleasing tone color and good projection.
Read more of our informative buying guides below!
The Cost of a Cello Bow – How much should you spend?
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Intermediate’s Guide to Buying a Cello – Dolce Violins
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